Machinery producing less noise should be used Noisy generators should be kept in a sound proof pollution. Silence zones near schools hospitals residence and offices should should be marked.                                   (  Soil pollution )

The physical and chemical changes in soil that cause harm to plants and animals are called soil pollution. Soil pollution can be caused by excessive use of chemical in agriculture.  Dumping of garbage, polythene bags and plastic in the soil.

Modern water filter used the techraque of RO ( Reverse osmosis). Ans ultraviolet radiation to print water. fresh water in rivers lakes and streams which we. Can readily use forms only 0.3 % all the water available on the earth. we must use water very sensibly we. Should not waist water or pollution water. We can adopt following steps to save water at home: Reuse kitchen water to water plansts in your garden.  Close taps properly after use. Replace or repair leaking taps pipes immediately. Avoid using a shower for bathing as it uses more water. Also avoid the use of a House pipe for washing vehicles. Do not throw plastics and polythene bags into a water sources or a drain. Create awareness about water conservation among people.

In most houses, especially in cities water come through pipes the water is obtained from a nearby water body and sent to a water treatment plant. Once treated and purified the water is distributed throughout the taps in our houses, from where we can get the water supplied through the pipes. In some houses, piped water supply is available only at a certain times in a day. Hence. It is necessary to store water in overhead tanks that it is because freely used all the time.

{Purification of water}

Purification of water is very essential before consuming it. Water can be purified by following methods: 

             Boiling

Water should be boiled for fifteen minutes to kill the germs and bacteria.

          Filtration

It is a common method of water purification. In this method, water is passed through a filering device to remove impurities like dust and germs. The traditional water filter used two or three pots One upon the other to filter water. 

     Water purification 

1. Boiling 2. Chlorination 3. Filtration.

  Chlorination 

Chlorination tablets are mixed in water to kill germs.       

Land thickly covered with trees, bushes and creepers is called a forest. We get many useful things from the trees in a forest such as pulp for paper, fruits, medicines and raw materials for many other products that are produced in factories. Forests are found mainly in areas where there is sufficient rainfall. Ideally, one third of the total area of a country should be one. Fifth of india total area is forest.                         {.Types of forest}

There are different types of forests. These depend on the climate, the kind soil and the amount of rainfall. They are:                1. Tropical Rain Forests.

  2. Mountain Vaetation.

   3. Tropical deciduous forests.

People living in forests  depend on various forest products for living unlike people living in cities or villages. They are called adivasi or tribals. Jarwa, kol, Bhil, Munda , Gond,Khasis,Santhals are some of the adivasi groups living in different forests of India.  Tribal people depend on forest resources for their living women gather various forest products such a tendu leaves, berries bamboo, fruits, sal, seeds, mahua, gum and medicinal plants. From the raw materials collected from the jungles these women make basket mats brooms etc. 

Water pollution 

70 of our planet is covered with water. However only about 3 of earth water is fresh. Fresh water is needed by humans ans plant  so we should control the pollution of water.  Addition of pollution into water bodies such as rivers or lakes is called water pollution.  Bathing animals  washing cloths and utensils in water bodies also lead to pollution. Immersion of idols during festivals. Chemical wastes bodies. If harms and kills aquatic flora and fauna. Pollution water caues diseases like typhoid diarrhoea cholera jaundice.

Water pollution 

70 of our planet is covered with water. However only about 3 of earth water is fresh. Fresh water is needed by humans ans plant  so we should control the pollution of water.  Addition of pollution into water bodies such as rivers or lakes is called water pollution.  Bathing animals  washing cloths and utensils in water bodies also lead to pollution. Immersion of idols during festivals. Chemical wastes bodies. If harms and kills aquatic flora and fauna. Pollution water caues diseases like typhoid diarrhoea cholera jaundice.

As water is a bad conduct of heat so there is alway an uneven heating pattern noticed in case of land mass and mass and water bodies. In summer the landmass of northern Indian is much hotter that the surrounding water in the oceans most of the times. The air above the land becomes hot up and rise and the wind from the ocean carrying water bodies these winds called winter monsoon bring scanty rainfall to coastal tamil Nadu  as they take moisture while blowing over Bay of Bengal.

Differant types of storms are caused by strond by strong air cirrents and are accompanied by lightning heavy rains and high speed winds lightning there the storms may occur on land or over the seas.                             Thunderstorm.               Thunderstorm occur in hot humid tropical areas such as india most frequently. the air over the land gets heated becomes light  and rises. In doing so the water vapour condenses fast form tiny droplets of Water which freeze forming ice particles during the condensation of water  vapour and freezing of droplets. A large a large anount of heat is given out which further pushes the air up at a  higher speed.

Mosquitoes and malaria

Mosquitoes do not live in water, but, they lay eggs in stagnant water for example in ponds water collected in types bucket uncovered tanks, drains, water coolers, etc. when a mosquito lays an egg the egg changes into larva that floats in water within a few mosquito is born feale .mosquitoes need to such animals blood for their eggs to develop properly. Mosquitoes arry the germs of dangerous diseases such as dengue and malaria which if not treated on time. Can even kill people. A person suffering from malaria has high fever along with shivering a person suffering from dengue has fever, vomiting joint pains rashes and body ache. It is important to prevent the outbreak of dengue and malaria by following some easy steps .

A large variety of animals flourish in water. They are called aquatic animals.fish is the most common aquatic animal and can be found in any water body like lake, river, sea, etc. a variety of fish lourish in water. Some of the common species of fish are cod, tuna, salmon, bass, etc. many types of fish are a source of food for man. Shark is a powerful and dangerous aquatic fish. It has powerful sense of hearing and can detect it's prey several miles away. It is known for its powerful sharp teeth. 

      Mammals

Whale is the biggest animal on earth. It is found in the open season. It look like. A fish but actually it is not a fish. It is a mammal and it's body is more than 23 metres long. It is even larger than the largest dinosaur. It weighs more than 150 metric tons. It has a blowhole on top of its head from where it breathes and makes fountain of water when it comes close of the surface. Dolphin is another common aquatic animal.

Plants growing in water are called aquatic plant. It you look at the plants growing in a pond you will find the some plants keep floating on surface of water while some other plants have roots inside the water and their leaves come up to the surface of water. Some other plants remain completely below the surface of water. Aquatic plants are of the following three types:       1. Floating plants 

Plants that floating on water are called floating plants. These plants are small in size. They have spongy stems or air - filled parts that help them to float freely. Such plants are mostly found in ponds and lakes where the water temins stagnant these plants protect small water animals from the hot sun buckweed, water lettuce and water hyacinth are a few free - floating plants.

2. Fixed plants.

Some plants are fixed to the ground below the water. Plants of lost and water lily have this kinde  of bodies. Long, porous stems link the fixed roots of the leaves that keep floating on surface of the water. The leaves of these plants evaporate huge amount of water as they have many stomata on their upper side. The hollow stem of lotus is eaten as a delicious vegetable while it's flowers are well - known for their beauty. 

3. Submerged plants.

Plants that hrow under water are called submerged plants. These plants are fixed to the water bed. Hydrilla ballisneria and tape grass are some examples.