Girls who come to upper primary level of education belong to the age group of 11 and above. Therefore separate toilets for them may become a necessity. However lack of the rural areas households are not used to such facilities and hence they do not expect such facilities to be provided. In schools too.  Student transitions in upper primary schools upper primary schools operate under different managements in India a pattern that can be generalised in case of enrolment is that the share of enrolment in ailded School is consistently higher than their share in the total number of schools this is not true in schools under other types of management especially so in case of un sided schools. Many parents feel that teaching learning process is better in aided private schools than in goverment managed schools. Aided private school do not charge high fees as in un sided school and hence aided schools are affordable from the financing point of view more importantly many parents consider that English as a subject is taught better in aided school this is more so in aurangabad andalappiram. For these reasons parents prefer to send their children to aided private school wherever they are available .

The stage transition ratios from primary to upper primary level of education indicate that they are very high in most of the states. Further expansion of primary eduction will have a demand for expansion of upper primary education ever when transition ratios remain the same in certain cases expansion of primary education mat be accompanied by an increase in the inter stage transition ratios. Under such circumstances. The demand for expansion of upper primary education system may be rather high. In states which are educationally more advanced the primary stage completion rates and inter stage transition .

Many primary schoos in India are not well equipped which formed the premise for introduction of operated Blackboard scheme. The upper primary schoos are better placed in terms of provision of facilities. Most of the upper primary schools are not operating under deplorable conditions as in case of primary school. However the condition of upper primary school buildings is far from satisfactory. Investment requirements of providing upper primary education is more in terms of making additional provisions in the existing schools than in terms of opening ofbnew upper primary schools in new locations. Multigrafs teaching isbalmost absent in most of upper primary schools most of the schools have atleast three rooms and three teachers ever when teacher pupil ratios may not warrant it this is a situation most common in educationally backward districts. For example a number of schools in bilaspur and muradabad have enrolment levels less than 100 or 150 at times less than 50 students in a school. However classrooms in school located in developed localities are over crowded in districts like Malappuram these school may require additions space and other related facilities Enrolment in some of the schools are rather low. Most of the school are provided with well qualified teachers in fact the share of University level educated teachers are quite substantial in all the districts although the educational qualification requirement for recruitment of teachers to upper primary school is higher secondary level of education interestingly larger shars of University graduate and post graduate teachers are found in educationally backward districts like Bilaspur and  muradabad. This is partly due to the that many of the teachers in these districts are not regular .

Schools are organised spaces spaces purposes for teaching and learning. The classrooms where teachers teach and students learn are of central importance but typical schools have many other areas which may include.                       . Cafeteria ( commons ) dining hall or canteen where students eat lunch.                                   . Athletic field playground gym and or track place where students participating in sports or physical education practice.             . Auditorium or hall where student theatrical or musical productions can be staged and where all school events such as assemblies are held.         . Office where the administrative work of the school is done.            . Library where students consult and check out books.                                  . Specialised classrooms including laboratories for science education.             . A computer lab where computer based work is done.                                    { History and Development of schools  }                                           The concept of grouping students together in a centralised location for learning has existed since classical antiquity. Formal schools have existed at least since ancient Greece. The Byxantine Empire has and established schooling system beginning at the primary level. According to Traditions and Encounters the founding of the primary education system began in 425 AD and military personnel usually had at least a primary education the Byxantine eduction system continued until the empirs collapse in 1453 AD.  

A school (From Greek scholeion is an institution designed to allow and encourage students (or pupils ) to learn under the supervision of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education which is commonly compulsory. In these systems students progress through a series of schools. The names for these schools vary by country but generally include primary school for young children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education. In addition to these core schools students in a given country may also have access to and attend school both before and after primary and secondary education.kindergarten or pre  school provide some schooling to very young children typically ages 3-5. University vocational school college or seminary may be available after .

No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin or his background or his religion people must learn to hate and if they can learn to hate they can be taught to love for love comesore naturally to the human heart that its opposite. Even in the grimmer of humanity in one of the guards perhaps just for a second but it was enough to reassure me and keep me going man goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished. In life every men has twon obligations obligations to his family to his parents to his wife and children and he has an obligation to his people his community his country In a Civil. and abilities but in a country like. South Africa it was almost impossible for a man of my both and colour to fulfil both of those obligations in South Africa a man who tried to fulfil his duty to his people was inevitably ripped from his family and his home and was forced to live a lift apart a twilight experience of secrecy and rebellion I did not in the beginning chooosse to place my people above my family but in attempting to serve my people i found that I was prevented from fulfilling my obligations as a son a brother a father and husband.

Groundwater is again obtained by building hand pumd pumps and tube wells. Hence the water we get is again polluted. Improper disposal of wastes into water bodies are harmful for aquatic life. It makes the water we get is again polluted. Improper disposal of wastes into water bodies are harmful for aquatic life.it makes the water unsuitable for living hence fish and all other aquatic animals die.the ruñing water carries .

A star is a celestial body that emits light of their own. They are very big in size and yet they appear so small because they are very far away from us. The stars that we see in the sky are thousands of light years away from planet Earth. One light years is the distance travelled by light in one year. One light yea_ 3×10+465+24+60m-9.46+10m or 9.46+10km.

Our sun is also a star. In fact the sun is also a star .it fact the sun is the closest star from our planet Earth other stars are much bigger in size than the sun. The nearest star to our planet Earth other stars are centauri it is 4.22 light years away this means that the light emitted by this star takes approximately 4.3 years to reach out planet Earth.

Needless to say discoveries and researches regarding Mocrobes could be possible only after the inventionof the microscope as they could not be seen with the naked eye. Development of electronic microscope has helped further the scope of study regarding Mocrobes. These scientific inventions have belief the belief that all microbes are harmful. It has become clear that only certain microbes are harmful while most of them are used ful. This table gives the history of microbiology.

    Habitats of Microbes 

Microbes can exist in all types of habitats. They are generally single celled but sometimes they occur in chain of cells they can be easily collected from air and water especially .

Male sperms are injected inside the body of the female partner through the reproducing organs. The sperms reach the female reproductive organs where the male gamete ( egg or ovum) fuse together to from a new called zygote. This zygote over a period of time changes into an embryo this emryo develops into a new individual. There are different ways in which the fertilized egg develops into a new organism let us study some of them. Birds lay fertilised eggs and keep the eggs warm by sitting on them. New young ones hatch put of the eggs in due course of time like birds snakes and crocodiles also lay fertilised eggs which develop into young ones. Unlike birds and reptiles cows dogs and humans give birth to fully formed young ones. In these organisms the fertilised eggs gradually develops into a mature body in the mother womb. It comes out of the womb as a fully developed young one .